第1篇 介紹北京的導游詞
閱讀小貼士：本篇共計400個字，預計看完需要1分鐘，共有206位用戶收藏，15人推薦！
游客們，你們好，歡迎大家來到美麗的北京香山游覽，我是你們的導游，大家就叫我小華就可以了，今天將由我?guī)銈內バ蕾p一番香山的美景。那大家都跟我走吧，前面就是香山公園。
現(xiàn)在我們來到這個地方就是香山公園的東大門了，這里有兩條道路是提供給游客行走的，在我們左邊的就是上山的路，在右邊的是去看景區(qū)的道路，不過今天我們要走的是右邊的路，現(xiàn)在大家就跟著我走吧。大家直接往前面一直走，就來到了香山飯點，這里很多人應該就知道了，那我就不介紹了。再往前面就是松林餐廳，等會兒中午的時候，我們就會在這里吃午飯。接下來，我們就到了有名的雙清別墅，大家趕緊跟我往前走，大家看這里的主席的床是不是很有意思，一邊高一邊低是不是。
在香山可看的地方非常的多，接下來就是大家自由活動的時間了，我也和大家說一下該注意的地方，首先不要亂扔垃圾，文明旅游，然后坐纜車的時候一定要注意安全，最后危險的地方一定不要亂闖。
好了，希望大家都可以玩得開心!
第2篇 介紹北京的導游詞
閱讀小貼士：本篇共計700個字，預計看完需要2分鐘，共有284位用戶收藏，25人推薦！
各位游客，您們好，讓我給大家介紹美麗的圓明園吧!
圓明園位于北京市西郊，海淀區(qū)東部。原為清代一座大型皇家御苑，占地約5200畝，平面布局呈倒置的品字形，圓明園由圓明、長春、綺春三園組成，總面積達350公頃。
它的陸上建筑面積和故宮一樣大，水域面積又等于一個頤和園。圓明園匯集了當時江南若干名園勝景的特點，融中國古代造園藝術之精華，以園中之園的藝術手法，將詩情畫意融化于千變萬化的景象之中。
圓明園的南部為朝廷區(qū)，是皇帝處理公務之所。其余地區(qū)則分布著40個景區(qū)，其中有50多處景點直接模仿外地的名園勝景，如杭州西湖十景，不僅模仿建筑，連名字也照搬過來。更有趣的是，圓明園中還建有西式園林景區(qū)。最有名的觀水法，是一座西洋噴泉，還有萬花陣迷宮以及西洋樓等，都具有意大利文藝復興時期的風格。在湖水中還有一個威尼斯城模型，皇帝坐在岸邊山上便可欣賞萬里之外的水城風光。
圓明園是一座珍寶館，里面藏有名人字畫、秘府典籍、鐘鼎寶器、金銀珠寶等稀世文物，集中了古代文化的精華。圓明園也是一座異木奇花之園，名貴花木多達數(shù)百萬株。完整目睹過圓明園的西方人把她稱為萬園之園。
的確，如果今天還和140年前一樣，這座超巨型園林就是當之無愧的世界園林之 王了。遺憾的是，1860年英法聯(lián)軍和1920__年八國聯(lián)軍兩次洗劫圓明園，園中的建筑被燒毀，文物被劫掠，奇跡和神話般的圓明園變成一片廢墟，只剩斷垣殘壁，供人憑吊。
新中國成立后，我國十分重視對圓明園遺址的重修和報護工作，實施了三期整修工程?，F(xiàn)在你們所參觀的是重修后的圓明園。
由于時間關系，我們就先講到這里，下面給大家2小時自由參觀的時間，請大家不要在墻上亂涂亂畫，保護文化遺產(chǎn)，希望大家玩的愉快。
介紹北京圓明園的導游詞范文
第3篇 介紹北京的導游詞
閱讀小貼士：本篇共計518個字，預計看完需要2分鐘，共有162位用戶收藏，23人推薦！
你們好！我叫許誠，是你們導游，大家可以叫我許導，也可以叫我小許。我們即將游覽的是頤和園。
頤和園是清代皇家園林，是我國重點文物單位，已被列入《世界遺產(chǎn)名錄》。
頤和園位于北京的西北郊，其前身清漪園始建于1750年，1764年建成，1860年被英法聯(lián)軍焚毀。1886年，慈禧太后挪有海軍經(jīng)費和其他款項重建，并與1888年改為頤和園。1900年，頤和園又遭八國聯(lián)軍嚴重破壞，1902年再次修復。好了，咱們現(xiàn)在開始游覽吧。
我們首先要來到最有名的長廊。大家看，綠漆的柱子，紅漆的欄桿，多美呀！這條長廊有700多米，分為273間，每件橫檻上都有畫。你們相信嗎？上千幅的畫沒有哪兩幅是相同的
現(xiàn)在我們在萬壽山腳下，抬頭仰望，那座八角寶塔形的建筑，就是佛香閣。下面一排排金碧輝煌的宮殿，就是排云殿。上萬壽山吧！
現(xiàn)在我們已經(jīng)登上了萬壽山，是欣賞頤和園全景的最佳位置。正前面就是昆明湖，有人常說它像一面鏡子，像一塊碧玉。不知你們是否有同感。下面就去昆明湖吧。
看，昆明湖多大，但堤岸更長?？匆娔?個小島了嗎/？我們走過長長的石橋就可以到到上玩。請大家仔細數(shù)數(shù)這座橋的橋洞，一共有十七個橋洞所以叫十七孔橋。橋柱上的石獅子姿態(tài)不一，沒有哪兩只是相同的。
另外，還有月波樓，石舫等。我說也說不僅，請你們自己慢慢游賞吧！
第4篇 介紹北京的導游詞
閱讀小貼士：本篇共計652個字，預計看完需要2分鐘，共有194位用戶收藏，15人推薦！
親愛的游客朋友們，現(xiàn)在我們乘坐的是巴士四號汽車前往北京，觀賞世界歷史文化遺產(chǎn)之一長城。很榮幸成為大家的導游。如果有什么問題，可以請教我。大家下車后一定要記住我們的車牌號，按規(guī)定時間返回。祝大家旅行愉快。
現(xiàn)在我先給大家介紹一下長城吧!長城是修筑在陡峭的山嶺之間，它從東頭的山海關一直修筑到西頭的嘉峪關，全長共有一萬三千多公里。它是中華人民力量和智慧的結晶，它是中華民族即將騰飛的巨龍的象征。游客們，我們的車已經(jīng)停到八達嶺上了。請看正前面有一塊(兒)石碑，上面有八達嶺幾個紅字，大家可以把它拍下來，做為一個到八達嶺的留念。
游客們，我們來到了長城的腳下。請大家低頭看看腳下，它是由一塊塊灰色的巨磚砌成的，十分平整，五六匹馬也可以并行。讓我們抬起頭來，長城就像蜿蜒的巨龍臥在連綿起伏的崇山峻嶺之間雄偉壯觀。八達嶺長城共有六個烽火臺。烽火臺共有三個門，其中中間一個最大，它的上面有許多小方塊圍成的一個正方形。古代時，在那里點火，表示那里有危險。這些烽火臺可以在兩至三個小時之間將情報傳到數(shù)千里以外的地方。烽火臺分兩層，上層是眺望臺，下層是士兵吃飯和睡覺的地方，可見烽火臺在當時的軍事中著多么重要的作用啊!
游客們，再往下走我們就到好漢坡了，好漢坡是指只有好漢才能登上的險坡，是八達嶺的必經(jīng)之路，讓我們go!
經(jīng)過好漢坡，就到峰頂了。游客們，當我們站在峰頂看看這前不見頭，后不見尾的巨龍的時候，真為我國古代勞動人民的無比智慧感到自豪和驕傲吧!
我們的長城之旅到此為止，希望大家有時間還來長城，也希望我的講解能給大家留下深刻的印象!byebye!
第5篇 介紹北京的導游詞
閱讀小貼士：本篇共計378個字，預計看完需要1分鐘，共有164位用戶收藏，23人推薦！
各位旅客朋友們：
大家好!
什剎海景區(qū)范圍大體是什剎海景區(qū)位于北京城區(qū)中軸線的西北部，東起地安門外大街北側;南自地安門西大街向西至龍頭井向西北接柳蔭街、羊房胡同、新街口東街到新街口北大街，西自新街口北大街向北到新街口豁口;北自新街口豁口向東到德勝門，由德勝門沿鼓樓西大街到鐘、鼓樓。
什剎海景區(qū)歷史文化積淀深厚，有文物保護單位40余處，占西城區(qū)的三分之一以上。歷史上本地區(qū)曾建有王府、寺觀、庵廟等多達30余座，現(xiàn)仍尚存10幾處。什剎海34公頃的水面十分自然地融入城市街區(qū)之中，依托水體，還有湖岸的垂柳、水中的荷花等也成為什剎海頻具特色自然景觀。號稱“燕京小八景”之一的“銀錠觀山”在景區(qū)中具有典型意義。什剎海景區(qū)具有大量典型的胡同和四合院，如金絲套地區(qū)的大、小金絲胡同，南、北官房胡同和后海北沿的鴉兒胡同以及白米斜街、煙袋斜街等。
介紹北京什剎海的導游詞范文
第6篇 介紹北京的導游詞
閱讀小貼士：本篇共計2747個字，預計看完需要7分鐘，共有181位用戶收藏，30人推薦！
各位游客：
你們好，歡迎你們來到北京旅游，我是你們的導游__。
1992年，在“北京旅游世界之最”的評定中，專家學者對十三陵的判定語為“世界上保存完整、埋葬皇帝最多的墓葬群”。20__年7月，明十三陵被聯(lián)合國教科文組織列入《世界遺產(chǎn)名錄》明清皇家陵寢的擴展項目?！妒澜邕z產(chǎn)名錄》對它的評價如下：“明清皇家陵寢依照風水理論，精心選址，將數(shù)量眾多的建筑物巧妙的安置于地下。它是人類改變自然的產(chǎn)物，體現(xiàn)了傳統(tǒng)的建筑裝飾思想，闡釋了封建中國持續(xù)了500余年的世界觀和權力觀。”
(明成祖朱棣)
十三陵的第一個陵是長陵，從永樂七年(公元1409)動工興建，到永樂十一年(公元l413)玄宮告成。長陵位于天壽山豐峰南面，它是永樂帝朱棣和皇后徐氏的合葬墓。
明成祖朱棣是明太祖朱元璋的第四個兒子，生于元至正二十年(1360)，明洪武三年(130)封為燕王，洪武十三年(1380)就藩北平。建文元年(1399)朱棣發(fā)動“靖難之役”，建文四年(1420)繼承皇位，第二年改元永樂。其較突出的歷史功績有：主持編撰《永樂大典》和派遣鄭和下西洋。中國被收入《世界遺產(chǎn)名錄》的文化古跡中，有4項是朱棣開創(chuàng)奠基的，他們是北京故宮，北京天壇，北京明十三陵，湖北武當山道教古建筑群?；屎笮焓?，是開國功臣中山王徐達的長女。永樂五年(公元1420__年)七月四日病逝，永樂十一年(公元1420__年)，首先被葬入長陵，她是葬入十三陵的第一人。長陵是明十三陵中規(guī)模宏大，營建時間最長，保存的最好的一座陵。
(長陵布局：長陵祾恩殿)
長陵陵園平面布局為“前方后圓”形制。“前方”，是三進深院落：第一深進院落大門為陵門，單檐歇山頂宮門式建筑，門內明朝時東建有神廚，西建有神庫，神廚前有碑亭一座，神廚，神庫均毀于清朝中期，碑亭尚存;第二進深院落大門為祾恩門，單檐歇山頂。門內即祾恩殿，面闊九間進深五間，重檐廡殿頂。祾恩殿是供奉帝后神位和舉行祭祀活動的場所。“祾”是“祭而受福”，“恩”是“罔極之恩”的意思。長陵祾恩殿是明代帝王陵中唯一保存完整的祾恩殿。殿內有60根金絲楠木柱，當中4根柱的直徑在l米以上，是我國保存最好的楠木大殿，十分珍貴;第三進深院落大門為欞星門，門內有兩柱牌樓門和石幾筵。“后圓”即指永樂帝的陵墓，它由寶城，寶山，方城，明樓組成。寶城狀如圓形城堡，寶城圍起來的土山]寶山，寶山下為玄宮。寶城正前方建方城，方城之上為重檐歇山頂明樓。明樓是每座陵墓的標志，也是每座陵墓中軸線上的最高建筑。原碑刻著朱棣原來的廟號“太宗”，后來世宗嘉靖七年(公元1528)改太宗為成祖，但沒能換石碑，只是用木雕鑲在成祖的石碑上。明樓內立“圣號碑”碑首為“大明”，下刻“成祖文皇帝之陵”7個字。
長陵陵園還轄有東，西井。東井在德陵饅頭山的南面，西井在定陵西北。“井”內葬有被賜死的殉葬宮妃。
明長陵位于北京市昌平區(qū)懷長路上，處在天壽山主峰南麓，是明朝第三位皇帝成祖文皇帝朱棣(年號永樂)和皇后徐氏的合葬陵寢。在十三陵中建筑規(guī)模最大，營建時間最早，地面建筑也保存得最為完好。它是十三陵中的祖陵，也是陵區(qū)內最主要的旅游景點之一。長陵于永樂七年(1420__年)開始修建，永樂十三年(1420__年)完工?，F(xiàn)存建筑有寶城、明樓、石五供、兩柱牌樓門、祾恩殿、祾恩門、碑亭以及三進院落的宮墻和因墻而設的陵門、角門等。地宮未發(fā)掘，同時沒有被盜墓記錄。長陵目前對公眾開放。
明長陵位于北京市昌平縣境內，距北京故宮五十公里。陵區(qū)南起石牌坊，北倚天壽山主峰。四面環(huán)山，綠樹叢叢。南面又有龍虎兩山左右對峙，勢如門戶。當中奔流不息的山水自西向東而去，好似天然的護陵河。南北貫通的高速路似一條巨龍連接著長陵至故宮。
明長陵為十三陵之首，永樂皇帝和皇后徐氏的合葬墓。是永樂皇帝建北京皇宮(故宮)的第三年(公元1420__年)自建的“壽宮”。陵園規(guī)模宏大，用料嚴格考究，施工精細，工程浩繁，營建時日曠久，僅地下宮殿就歷時四年。
明長陵陵恩殿是嗣皇帝祭祀永樂帝后的場所，建筑在漢白玉雕刻成的三層臺基上，金磚鋪地。殿面闊九間(66.56米)，進深五間(29.12米)，象征著皇帝“__”之位。所有木件全用金絲楠木為之，古色古香。一米多直徑，十幾米高的六十根金絲楠木大柱，承托著二千三百平方米的重檐廡殿頂，雄偉壯觀、舉世無雙。最粗的一根重檐金柱，高12.58米，底徑達到1.124米，為世間罕見佳木。殿中端坐于九龍寶座之上的永樂皇帝銅像，形象逼真，做工精湛考究，此造像是巨上精美絕倫的藝術佳作。此外陳列著明陵地宮出土文物數(shù)百件，播放1956年發(fā)掘地宮的實況錄像，幫助游人解開地宮之謎。
明長陵，建筑最早、面積最大、規(guī)模最宏偉、工藝用料最考究、原建筑保護最完整。歷經(jīng)六百年滄桑，仍完好無損，金碧輝煌。它早已被公布為全國第一秕重點文物保護單位。它不權以其宏大的古建筑和輝煌的藝術成就，豐富的歷史文化內涵，吸引著每年數(shù)以百萬計的中外游人和各界專家學者，而且永樂皇帝是世界上赫赫有名的一代有作為的皇帝，所以長陵又是世界最有名的旅游勝地之一。
景區(qū)
祾恩門
《太常續(xù)考》等文獻記載，天壽山諸陵陵殿名為“祾恩殿”，殿門名之為“祾恩門”，始于嘉靖十七年(1538年)，是世宗朱厚熜親易佳名。其中，“祾”字取“祭而受福”之意，“恩”字取“罔極之恩”意，長陵棱恩門，為單檐歇山頂形制，面闊五間(通闊31.44米)，進深二間(通深14.37米)，正脊頂部距地面高14.57米。檐下斗拱為單翹重昂七踩式，其平身科斗拱耍頭的后尾作斜起的桿狀，與宋清做法俱不相同。室內明間、次間各設板門一道，稍間封以墻體。其中明間板門之上安有華帶式榜額，書“祾恩門”三金字。“稜”字系后世修葺時誤寫。門下承以旱白玉欄桿圍繞的須彌座式臺基。其欄桿形制，為龍鳳雕飾的望柱，和寶瓶、三幅云式的欄板。臺基四角及各欄桿望柱之下，各設有排水用的石雕螭首(龍頭)。臺基前后則各設有三出踏跺式臺階。其中路臺階間的御路石上雕刻的淺浮雕圖案十分精美：下面是海水江牙云騰浪涌，海水中寶山矗立，兩匹海馬躍出水面凌波奔馳;上面是兩條矯健的巨龍在云海中升降飛騰，追逐火珠，呈現(xiàn)出一派波瀾壯闊的雄偉景象。
陵宮建筑
長陵的陵宮建筑，占地約12萬平方米。其平面布局呈前方后圓形狀。其前面的方形部分，由前后相連的三進院落組成。第一進院落，前設陵門一座。其制為單檐歇山頂?shù)膶m門式建筑，面闊顯五間，檐下額枋、飛子、檐椽及單昂三踩式斗拱均系琉璃構件;其下辟有三個紅券門。陵門之前建有月臺，左右建有隨墻式角門(已拆除并封塞)。院內，明朝時建有神廚(居左)、神庫(居右)各五間，神廚之前建有碑亭一座。神廚、神庫均毀于清代中期，碑亭則保存至今。
介紹北京明十三陵的導游詞范文
第7篇 介紹北京的導游詞
閱讀小貼士：本篇共計387個字，預計看完需要1分鐘，共有276位用戶收藏，20人推薦！
各位來賓朋友：大家好!歡迎大家來到北京的故宮，我是你們的導游瑩瑩，今天就由我?guī)ьI大家一起游北京故宮。
我先介紹一下故宮的概況。
故宮建于北京的中央，以南北為中軸線，座北朝南，充分體現(xiàn)了皇權至上的封建統(tǒng)治思想。故宮城外是皇城，皇城外又有北京城，真是城城包圍!
歷史上，故宮因火災或者其它原因，曾多次的重建，但基本格局沒有改變，主要分為外朝和內廷兩部分。外朝以太和、中和、保和三大殿為中心，文華、武英兩殿為兩翼，是皇帝上朝接受朝賀、接見群臣和舉行大型典禮的地方。內廷有乾清宮、交泰殿、坤寧宮、御花園及兩側分列的東西六宮，是封建皇帝進行日?；顒雍秃箦首泳幼∮瓮婕胺钌竦牡胤健?/p>
廣場南面的保和殿是外朝三在殿的最后一座，規(guī)格等級僅次于太和殿，面闊9間，進深5間，重檐歇山頂，翼角置走獸9個，內外檐均施金龍和璽彩畫，菱花梧扇，生落在高大的漢白玉"三臺"之上。
我的講解到此為止了，祝大家游玩愉快!
第8篇 介紹北京的導游詞
閱讀小貼士：本篇共計674個字，預計看完需要2分鐘，共有223位用戶收藏，19人推薦！
親愛的游客朋友們，現(xiàn)在我們乘坐的是巴士四號汽車前往北京，觀賞世界歷史文化遺產(chǎn)之一——長城。很榮幸成為大家的導游。如果有什么問題，可以請教我。大家下車后一定要記住我們的車牌號，按規(guī)定時間返回。祝大家旅行愉快。
現(xiàn)在我先給大家介紹一下長城吧!長城是修筑在陡峭的山嶺之間，它從東頭的山海關一直修筑到西頭的嘉峪關，全長共有一萬三千多公里。它是中華人民力量和智慧的結晶，它是中華民族即將騰飛的巨龍的象征。游客們，我們的車已經(jīng)停到八達嶺上了。請看正前面有一塊(兒)石碑，上面有八達嶺幾個紅字，大家可以把它拍下來，做為一個到八達嶺的留念。
游客們，我們來到了長城的腳下。請大家低頭看看腳下，它是由一塊塊灰色的巨磚砌成的，十分平整，五六匹馬也可以并行。讓我們抬起頭來，長城就像蜿蜒的巨龍臥在連綿起伏的崇山峻嶺之間雄偉壯觀。八達嶺長城共有六個烽火臺。烽火臺共有三個門，其中中間一個最大，它的上面有許多小方塊圍成的一個正方形。古代時，在那里點火，表示那里有危險。這些烽火臺可以在兩至三個小時之間將情報傳到數(shù)千里以外的地方。烽火臺分兩層，上層是眺望臺，下層是士兵吃飯和睡覺的地方，可見烽火臺在當時的軍事中著多么重要的作用啊!
游客們，再往下走我們就到“好漢坡”了，“好漢坡”是指只有好漢才能登上的險坡，是八達嶺的必經(jīng)之路，讓我們go!
經(jīng)過好漢坡，就到峰頂了。游客們，當我們站在峰頂看看這前不見頭，后不見尾的巨龍的時候，真為我國古代勞動人民的無比智慧感到自豪和驕傲吧!
我們的長城之旅到此為止，希望大家有時間還來長城，也希望我的講解能給大家留下深刻的印象!byebye!
第9篇 介紹北京的導游詞
閱讀小貼士：本篇共計498個字，預計看完需要2分鐘，共有168位用戶收藏，30人推薦！
你們看，我們來到了雄偉的故宮，故宮又稱紫禁城，是明清兩代的皇宮;故宮是世界上規(guī)模最大最完整的古代木結構建筑群，為我們國家最大的古建筑群。它使建于明永樂(公元14xx年)，xx年才完工呢，有24位皇帝在此登基。“好了，我們現(xiàn)在準備去大殿里，請游客朋友們跟上隊伍，千萬別掉隊，否則走丟了，就找不到我們了!”好，現(xiàn)在跟隨我進入大殿，故宮有三座大殿：太和殿，中和殿和保和殿。大殿建在漢白玉砌成的8米高的臺基上，遠望猶如神話的瓊宮仙闕。太和殿是最富麗堂皇的建筑，俗稱“金鑾殿”，是皇上舉行大典的地方，這座殿高28米，東西63米，西北35米，有直徑達1米的大柱92根，其中6根圍繞御座的瀝粉金漆的潘龍柱。御座設在殿內高2米的臺上，前有造型，美觀的仙鶴，爐，鼎，后面精雕細刻的圍屏。整個大殿裝飾得金碧輝煌，莊嚴絢麗。中和殿是皇上去太和殿舉行大典前稍事休息和演習禮儀的地方，保和殿是每年除夕皇帝賜宴外潘王公的場所。游客朋友們先休息一下，觀賞下這三個大殿，可以摸一摸，等下我們去內延，以乾清宮，交泰殿，坤寧宮為中心，東西兩翼有東六宮和西六宮，是皇上平日辦事和妃子居住的地方。“好，今天的活動到此結束!祝大家玩得開心”
第10篇 介紹北京的導游詞
閱讀小貼士：本篇共計6188個字，預計看完需要16分鐘，共有101位用戶收藏，15人推薦！
he ming tombs are 40 kilometers north of beijing city on the southernslopes of tianshou mountain. they are the burial grounds of 13 ming dynastyemperors. in july 20___ the site was designated a world cultural heritage siteby unesco.
empress xu died in the 5th year of yongle (1407). zhu di sent
zhao hong, secretary of the ministry of rites and a geomancer----liaojunqing along with many others to beijing in search of an auspicious place forthe tombs. it is said that this group of people first selected the area of tujia ying, which means slaughter-house, and as such, it couldnt be used as theburial ground. next they selected the foot of yangshan mountain, changping.however, since the surname of the emperor (zhu) is a homophone for pig andbecause a village named wolf mouth ravine was located there, they decidedagainst using that area. later, they found yan-jiatai west of beijing. again,since yanjia was the homonym of the death of the emperor, it was also deemedunsuitable. it was not until the 7th year of yongle (1409), that they finallychose the present heavenly longevity mountain as their cemetery grounds.
the whole area covers 40 square kilometers. it has mountains to its east,west and north, and dragon mountain and tiger mountain are on either side of itssouthern entrance. the 13 tombs go from north to south. they are arranged in themanner of the imperial palace, with the administration area in the front andliving quarters in the rear. in front of the tombs are divine passes, stonearchways and steel towers. the precious city and ming tower stand over theunderground palace.
there were 16 emperors during the ming dynasty. buried in the ming tombs,are 13 ming emperors and 23 empresses, as well as many concubines, princes,princesses and maids. the other 3 emperors, emperor zhu yuanzhang, zhu yunwenand zhu qiyu are buried in other locations.
the founder of the ming dynasty, zhu yuanzhang, established his capital inpresent day nanjing where he was buried after his death. his tomb is calledxiaoling (tomb of filial piety).
the body of the second emperor of the ming, zhu yunwen, is missing. somesaid that he died in a fire, while others said that he went to a temple andbecame a monk. there is no final conclusion yet.
the seventh ming emperor zhu qiyu, was buried as a prince by his elderbrother zhu qizhen at jinshankou, a western suburb of beijing, because in thetumubao upheaval, emperor zhu qizhen became a captive and the younger brother ofzhu qizhen. zhu qiyu was chosen as the new emperor, but later zhu qizhen wasback and proclaimed his re-enthronement in the seizing gate upheaval.
the memorial arch was built in the 19th year of jiajing (1540) as a symbolof the ming tombs. it is 14 meters high and 28. 86 meters wide, and has 5 archessupported by 6 pillars with beautiful bas-relief carvings of lions, dragons andlotus flowers. the memorial arch is the biggest and the most exquisite stonearch preserved in the country today. the major designs of dragon and clouddecorations reflect the character of imperial architecture. in addition, it alsodemonstrates the skillful artistry of the ming craftsmen.
the big palace gate is the front gate of the ming tombs, and is morecommonly known as big red gate. facing south, there are three arch entrances tothe gate, the main inlet to the ming tombs. flanking the gate are two stonetablets, inscribed with orders for the emperor, officials and other people todismount, before entering into the tomb area. if they did not obey, they wouldbe punished for their disrespect. the rules governing the ming tombs in the mingdynasty, stipulate that one who sneaks into the tomb area to pick firewood andbreak twigs would be flogged. those who came to fetch dirt and stone would bebeheaded. those who entered arbitrarily into the tomb area would be flogged ahundred times.
the tablet house was built in the 10th year of xuande (1435), and standsabout 10 meters high with two tiers of eaves. a huge tablet stands in the middleof the tablet house. the front side bears an inscription by emperor renzong forchengzu. the reverse side is a poem by qing emperor qianlong recording in detailthe conditions of the broken changling, yongling, dingling and xiling. on theeast side is the record of expenditures for repairing the ming tombs by the qinggovernment. on the west side is an epitaph by qing emperor jiaqing. it waswritten in the 9th year of jiaqing (1804) describing the cause of the fall ofthe ming dynasty.
on the north side of the tablet house, stands a group of stone carvings (36in all). behind the house, there are two stone pillars. beyond the pillars arestone animals and other statues. lions, xie zhi, camels, elephants, and qi linhorses .all of the animals are in two pairs. two stand, while the other twokneel. it is followed by the statues of military officers, civil officials andofficials of merit, four in each group. these stone animals and statues weremade in the 10th year of xuande (1435). they reflect the imperial power when hewas alive and the imperial dignity after he was deceased. the animals andstatues were created using whole blocks of stone weighing a couple of tons andeach was delicately and masterfully carved.
here stands ling xing gate, also known as the unique dragon and phoenixgate, with the meaning of the gate of heaven. the gate is pierced with six doorleaves, attached to three archways. the top of the central section of the threearchways is decorated with flames and precious pearl, so it is also known as theflame archway. to the north of the dragon and phoenix gate there lays aseven-arch marble bridge, leading to the gate of changling. to the east of theseven-arch bridge stands an old five-arch bridge, which was the original site ofthe seven-arch bridge.
actually we are standing on the axle line of the ming tombs, otherwiseknown as the sacred way or the tomb path. we passed the memorial arch, the bigpalace gate, the tablet house, sacred way, stone animals and statues, and lingxing gate. this seven-kilometer long sacred pathway leads from south to north,all the way to the gate of changling.
now, we are moving to chang ling. changling is the first tomb built in theming tombs area, covering 10 hectares and containing emperor zhu di and hisempress xu.
zhu di (chengzu) of the ming dynasty was the fourth son of the firstemperor zhu yuanzhang, born in 1360. zhu di was conferred the title of theprince of yan in the 3rd year of hongwu (1370). he was appointed at beiping.after the death of zhu yuanzhang (the first ming emperor), zhu di used thepretext of eliminating evil officials at the side of emperor jianwen to lead anarmy expedition down south to nanjing. he seized the throne in the 4th year ofjianwen (1402) and ascended the throne in june inside the hall of ancestralworship in nanjing. zhu di was an emperor of outstanding accomplishment in theming dynasty. as soon as he became the prince of yan, he led the generals out tobattle. he had great achievements in calming down the north. after he took overhis nephews power and became the emperor, he still went out to battle throughoutthe country and consolidated the rule of the ming dynasty. he made the importantdecision to move the capital to beijing. during the rule of zhu di, magnificentdevelopments were made in the economy, culture and in diplomacy. in terms ofculture, zhu di successively sent grand academician xie jin, yan guangxiao andothers to compile the yongle encyclopedia. the book has become the largest bookever complied in chinese history. for expanding external exchanges and trade,zhu di selected eunuch zheng he to lead a large fleet filled with precious gold,silver, silk and satins to sail to southeast asia and africa seven times in theearly years of yongle.
empress xu was buried together with emperor zhu di in changling. empressxushi was the eldest daughter of xu da who was one of the founding fathers ofthe ming dynasty. throughout her lifespan, xu shi complied 20 articles ofinternal lectures and a book advising to be good, so as to cultivate peoplesminds. she was the very first one to be buried in changling and in the ming tombarea.
the hall of eminent favor in changling is the best preserved among thethirteen tombs. it is a valuable relic of ancient chinas wooden structures. itis nine rooms wide and five rooms long, a hall size rarely seen in china. theroof is made of top-class double eaves and there are multiple rooms covered withyellow glazed tiles. the hall is supported by 60 thick nanmu pillars, the middlefour in the hall are the thickest, the diameter of each one can reach over onemeter. it is known as the best nanmu (phoebe) hall in the country.
now we are going to dinging. dingling is located at the east foot of dayumountain. buried here are the 13th ming emperor wanli (zhu yijun) and his twoempresses xiaoduan and xiaojing. zhu yijun was the longest on the throne of theming emperors. (he was emperor for 48 years). he was the greediest and laziestemperor in the ming dynasty. zhu yijun ascended the throne at the age of 9.after he came to power, he was supported by the chief minister zhang juzheng. atthis time, various aspects of society gained development.
later ,zhang juzheng died of illness. not long after wanli managed stateaffairs on his own, he used the chance to select the location for his tomb sitewhen he went to pay homage to the ancestors tombs. he spent eight million taelsof silver (250,000 kilos of silver) and six years to build a high quality tombdingling. after the dingling was completed, zhu yijun personally went to inspectit, and felt very satisfied with the result. he went so far as to hold a grandbanquet in the underground palace, which was unheard of in history.
zhu yijun was a typical muddle-headed emperor. reflecting on his reign, hedid not pay attention to state affairs for 28 out of his 48 year rule. the stateorgan was effectively semi-paralyzed during his reign. later generationscommented that the fall of the ming dynasty was caused by this emperor.
zhu yijun had two empresses. empress xiaojing was originally a maid ofwanlis mother cisheng. later she gave birth to a son of the emperor. that sonwas the one-month emperor guangzong (zhu changluo). she died of illness 9 yearsearlier than shenzong died. she was buried as a concubine at pinggangdi, aroundthe east pit, at the heavenly longevity mount. after xiaojing was conferred thetitle of “grandmother of the emperor”, her body was moved to the undergroundpalace of dingling, and buried together with emperor wanli and empress xiaoduanon the same day. xiaoduan was conferred the title of empress, but she could notgive birth to either a son or a daughter to the emperor. xiaoduan died ofillness. a hundred days later, emperor wanli (zhu yijun) died too. empressxiaoduan, emperor wanli, and empress xiaojing were buried together in theunderground palace.
the tablet in front of dingling has no words on it. it is called thewordless tablet. there is a pair of coiling dragons along the top and a patternof sea waves carved on the bottom. its base is composed of a tortoise (bixi). itis said that the dragon has nine sons. in twelve of the ming tombs, excludingchangling, all the tablets are wordless. originally there were no tablet housesin front of the tombs, but later the tablet houses and steeles of the first sixtombs were completed. but the emperor jiajing at the time indulged in drinking,lust and searching for longevity pills, so he had no time to pay attention onthe inscriptions. consequently the six tablets are wordless. and in keeping withthis tradition, that’s why the tablets later on are also blank.
now we are arriving at the gate of eminent favor and the hall of eminentfavor of dingling, the hall of eminent favor is also called hall of enjoyment.it was the place where the emperor and his entourage held grand sacrificialrites. they were mostly destroyed when the qing soldiers came. and they weredestroyed again later, so now only the ruins remain.
moving on, this is the exhibition rooms that were built after theexcavation of the underground palace. the exhibition explains in detail thehistory of the tomb master and introduces the tomb excavation process. theexhibition rooms are divided into two parts, the south and the north. in thesouth room, on display are the sacrificial objects of emperor wanli unearthedfrom the underground palace. in the north room, on display are the sacrificialitems of the two empresses. all of then are fancy and invaluable.
now we arrive at the soul tower, this is the symbol of the tomb. it is astone structure with colorful painted decorations. the soul tower and theprecious citadel of dingling have never been damaged seriously. the soul toweris the best preserved architecture above the ground of dingling. on top of theyellow, glazed tiled roof of the soul tower sits a big stone tablet. two chinesecharacters----dingling, are carved on the tablet. inside the soul tower, on topof another stone tablet, there are two big characters----the great ming writtenin seal characters. on the body of the tablet, seven chinese characters-----tombof emperor shenzong xian are carved. the soul tower is connected with theprecious citadel. the precious citadel is a large round wall built with bricks.the precious citadel wall is 7.5 m high, and lower part is thick while the upperpart is thin. the round walls perimeter is over 800 meters, and inside the wallis a large artificial mound, the emperors tomb mound, known as precious top.
dingling is the only ming tomb to be excavated. formal excavation workstarted in may 1956 and ended in 1958. first, the working personnel discoveredan exposed gateway at the side wall to the southwest of the precious citadel ofdingling. so they dug the first tunnel facing the position of the gateway. atthe bottom of the tunnel, they discovered a tunnel made of bricks. three monthslater, along the direction of the tunnel, to the west of the soul tower, theydug the second tunnel. during the digging, they encountered with a stone tabletwhich inscribed the words from here 48. 8m forward and 10. 7m downward lies theprecious wall. therefore it gave the correct direction of opening up theunderground palace.
according to the direction of the stone tablet, after digging the thirdtunnel, they found a stone tunnel. at last they got to the precious wall. thusthey opened the precious wall with a square stone room. to the west end of theroom, lay two marble doors. the working personnel used a wire and wood plank toremove the self-acting stone bar, which was against the back of the door. withthis method, they opened the entrance of the underground palace.
the palace has no beam which was built according to the principles ofgeomancy altogether there are five chambers. the chambers are separated by sevenmarble doors. the underground palace is 27 meters deep, covering an area of1,195 square meters. there is a same structure stone door in between the front,middle and rear chambers. the door is made of marble. the biggest marble door is3. 3 meters high, 1.7 meters wide, 4 tons in weight. it looks heavy, but it isreasonably designed. the pivot of the stone door is inclined to the door axle,so the door is easy to open and close. on top of the door is a lintel (made ofbronze) tube weighing about 10 tons to prevent the door from falling. carved onthe front of the marble door are 9 rows of 81 knobs and strange animals withrings in their mouths. located on the reverse side, opposite the animals, is aprotruding section that holds the doors self-acting stone bar.
the front and middle chambers are 7. 2 meters high and 6 meters wide. thefloor is covered with gold bricks. according to records, the gold bricks aresmooth and durable. the more you polish them, the brighter they become. thereare no decorations in the front and two annex chambers. in the middle chamber,there are three marble thrones for emperor wanli and his two empresses, known asthe precious thrones. in the front of the thrones, there are five yellow glazedofferings and one blue-and-white porcelain jar of jiajing years style with acloud-and-dragon design. it is about 0.7 meters in diameter. originally therewas sesame oil in the jar. on the surface of the oil was a copper tube with awick inside. it is called the everlasting lamp. due to the lack of oxygen, thelight went out so the oil had not been used all.
the rear chamber is the biggest of the three. it is 9.5 meters high, 31meters long, 9.l meters wide, the floor is paved with polished stones. in therear chamber, there is a coffin platform edged with white marble. placed on theplatform are the coffins of emperor wanli and his two empresses as well as 26vermilion boxes filled with funeral objects.
in the middle of the coffin platform, there is a rectangular hole filledwith soil called gold well. putting jade stone around the coffin or inside thecoffin or in the mouth of the deceased is called being buried with jade. ancientpeople believed gold well was the pit of geomancy. it could prevent the bodyfrom decay for a long time. being buried with jade on a gold well was thehighest standard of entombment one could receive in the feudal era.
originally the empresss coffin should have been placed in the rear chamber.then why were the coffins of the two empresses also in the same chamber as theemperors? in 1620, first empress xiaoduan died in april, then in july emperorwanli also died. after that, the son of zhu changluo died 29 days after hissuccession. in only a few months, two emperors and one empress had died insuccession. in addition they had removed empress xiaojings coffin to dingling.all the burdens of the funeral burials fell on the just enthroned emperor zhuyoujian. the preparation work was done in a hurried fashion (this was clearlyrecorded in historical documents). the rainy season had already arrived beforethe funeral could occur and the passage leading to the empress annex chamber maynot have been convenient to open. so the coffins of the emperor, empresses allentered the underground palace through the front entrance. after the coffinsentered the underground palace, since the passage to the annex chambers werenarrow, the coffins of the empresses would not fit through it. so they had toput all the three coffins together into the rear chamber.
now please follow me out of the underground palace. and our tour for todayis completed. i hope you have found our time together informative and enjoyable.we now have half an hour for a rest, and then we will get together here at4:00pm. thank you.
